{"id":4041,"date":"2024-01-22T14:59:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T11:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uzmanposta.com\/blog\/?p=4041"},"modified":"2024-01-22T14:59:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T11:59:43","slug":"internet-control-message-protocol-icmp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uzmanposta.com\/blog\/internet-control-message-protocol-icmp\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Nedir? \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj Protokol\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) yani \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj\u0131 Protokol\u00fc, OSI modelinin a\u011f katman\u0131nda<\/a> yer al\u0131r ve internet protokol paketinin (genellikle TCP\/IP olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, IANA.org’a g\u00f6re IP paketinde Protokol Numaras\u0131 1 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir hata raporlama ve sorgulama hizmeti olarak tasarlanan ICMP, a\u011f ileti\u015fiminde ana bilgisayardan ana bilgisayara datagram hizmetinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. A\u011f IP ileti\u015fiminde geri bildirim sistemi olarak g\u00f6rev yapan IP hizmetinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve teslim edilemeyen paketlerin y\u00f6nlendirici veya a\u011f ge\u00e7idi gibi g\u00f6nderen ana bilgisayara bildirilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: educba<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ICMP Ne \u0130\u00e7in Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ICMP’nin ana i\u015flevi hata raporlamad\u0131r. \u0130ki cihaz internet \u00fczerinden ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ICMP, verilerden herhangi biri ama\u00e7lanan hedefe ula\u015fmazsa, ileten cihazla payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in hatalar olu\u015fturur. Bir veri paketi bir y\u00f6nlendirici i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckse, y\u00f6nlendirici paketi b\u0131rak\u0131r ve verinin kayna\u011f\u0131na bir ICMP mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, \u00f6zellikle ping ve traceroute terminal uygulamalar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere a\u011f tan\u0131lama i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traceroute<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Traceroute yard\u0131mc\u0131 program\u0131, birbiriyle etkile\u015fim halinde olan iki internet cihaz\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fiziksel y\u00f6nlendirme yolunu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. Genellikle atlama olarak bilinen bir y\u00f6nlendiriciden di\u011ferine giden yolu \u00e7izer. A\u011f sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhis etmek i\u00e7in bir traceroute kullanmak, y\u00f6neticilere bir a\u011f yava\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ping yard\u0131mc\u0131 program\u0131 traceroute’un basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yank\u0131 istek mesajlar\u0131 olarak da bilinen ping’ler g\u00f6nderir ve ard\u0131ndan mesaj\u0131n hedefine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ve kayna\u011fa geri d\u00f6nmesinin ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zamanlar. Bunlar yank\u0131 yan\u0131t mesajlar\u0131 olarak bilinir. Ping’ler belirli bir cihaz\u0131n gecikme s\u00fcresini belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. Ping, traceroute’un aksine, y\u00f6nlendirme d\u00fczeninin g\u00f6rsel haritalar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaz. Ping program\u0131 ayr\u0131ca hizmet reddi (DoS) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda da s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcm 4 veya IPv4<\/a> adres s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve daha yeni IPv6<\/a> adres s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla ICMPv4 ve ICMPv6 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IP paketindeki en \u00f6nemli protokollerden biri ICMP’dir. \u00d6te yandan ICMP, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) veya User Datagram Protocol (UDP) gibi herhangi bir aktar\u0131m katman\u0131 protokol\u00fcyle ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir. Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir protokold\u00fcr, yani bir mesaj g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce bir cihaz\u0131n hedef cihazla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmas\u0131na gerek yoktur. Bu, bir mesaj iletilmeden \u00f6nce bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren TCP’nin aksine her iki cihaz\u0131n da bir TCP el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yoluyla haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP mesajlar\u0131, ICMP verilerini kaps\u00fclleyen bir IP ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip datagramlar olarak g\u00f6nderilir. Bir datagram, bir paket gibi, kendi kendine yeten \u00f6zerk bir veri nesnesidir. Bunu, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mesaj\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011f \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131yan bir paket olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. IP veri k\u0131sm\u0131nda ICMP i\u00e7eren IP paketleri ICMP paketleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. ICMP mesajlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca orijinal mesaj\u0131n t\u00fcm IP ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir ve son sistemin hangi paketin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirlemesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 IP protokol numaras\u0131 1 olarak belirtilir ve IPv4 veya IPv6 paket ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP Mesaj Bi\u00e7imi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Type (8 bits) – Tip (8 bit):<\/strong> ICMP mesaj\u0131n\u0131 bilmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. ICMP Echo Request 8 tip de\u011ferine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Code (8 bits) – Kod (8 bit):<\/strong> ICMP mesaj\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ek bilgi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Checksum (16 bit):<\/strong> ICMP mesaj\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7er. Sa\u011flama toplam\u0131, ba\u015fl\u0131k ve mesaj\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi kullan\u0131larak hesaplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda ICMP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, hedef sistemi veya bir a\u011f\u0131 birden fazla kaynaktan gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda trafikle doldurur. Bir a\u011f protokol\u00fc olan ICMP, bu t\u00fcr siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131labilir. DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda ICMP’nin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki yol a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. ICMP Flood<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP flood sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bilgisayar korsan\u0131 hedef sisteme ya da a\u011fa \u00e7ok say\u0131da ping paketi g\u00f6nderir. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 Echo Requests \u015feklinde al\u0131r. Hedefin a\u011f bant geni\u015fli\u011fi, i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve bellek gibi kaynaklar a\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve bu da trafi\u011fi i\u015flemesine izin vermez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Smurf Attack<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Smurf sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, siber sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n etkisini b\u00fcy\u00fctmek i\u00e7in ICMP Echo Request i\u015flevinden yararlanmay\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00f6zel bir ICMP flood sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Smurf sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bilgisayar korsan\u0131, ICMP Echo Requests kaynak IP adresini hedeflenen ki\u015finin IP adresi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu sahte ICMP Echo Requests daha sonra bir a\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131n adresine yay\u0131nlan\u0131r veya a\u011fdaki birden fazla ana bilgisayara y\u00f6nlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP Mesajlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcr<\/strong><\/td>\u0130sim<\/strong><\/td>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
0<\/td>Yank\u0131 (Echo) Yan\u0131t\u0131<\/td>ICMP Echo Request mesaj\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onaylamak i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131 cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>Hedefe Eri\u015filemedi(Destnation Unreachable)<\/td>Hedefin ula\u015f\u0131lamaz oldu\u011funu belirtmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirici veya al\u0131c\u0131 cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td>Kaynak Kapatmak(Source Quench)<\/td>Trafik h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ve yava\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirici taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
5<\/td>Yeniden Y\u00f6nlendirme (Redirection Required)<\/td>Kaynak cihaza hedefe giden daha iyi bir yol oldu\u011funu bildirmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirici taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
8<\/td>Yank\u0131 iste\u011fi (Echo Request)<\/td>Hedef cihazla a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in kaynak cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
11<\/td>Zaman A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (Time Exceeded)<\/td>Paketin TTL’sini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirici veya hedef cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
12<\/td>Parametre Problemi (Parameter Problem)<\/td>Paketteki bir hatay\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6nlendirici veya hedef cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
13<\/td>Tarih Bilgisi \u0130stemi (Timestamp)<\/td>Kaynak cihaz taraf\u0131ndan hedef cihaz\u0131n zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 istemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
14<\/td>Tarih Bilgisi Yan\u0131t\u0131 (Timestamp Reply)<\/td>Kaynak cihaza zaman damgas\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131 cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
15<\/td>Bilgi \u0130stemi (Information Request)<\/td>Kaynak cihaz taraf\u0131ndan hedef cihaz hakk\u0131nda bilgi istemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr>
16<\/td>Bilgi Yan\u0131t\u0131 (Information Reply)<\/td>Kaynak cihaza bilgi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131 cihaz taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilir.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ICMP ve A\u011f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, al\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6ndericiden gelen paketi ba\u015far\u0131yla alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir hata mesaj\u0131 al\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, a\u011f y\u00f6netimi gibi ICMP mesajlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131m durumu mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 bunu kolayca istismar edebilir ve k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ping of Death<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP mesajlar\u0131 hedef sisteme \u00e7e\u015fitli ICMP paketleri g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi i\u00e7in hedef sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olan bir Denial of Service (DoS) ba\u015flat\u0131r. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, izin verilen maksimum boyuttan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck pingler g\u00f6nderir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu paketler daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Al\u0131c\u0131 bunu yeniden birle\u015ftirdi\u011finde, uzunluk maksimum s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015far, bu da daha sonra bir arabellek ta\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur ve sistemin donmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Smurf Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Smurf sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 hedeflenen ki\u015fiye \u00e7ok say\u0131da ICMP yank\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131 g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi i\u00e7in sistemi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da ICMP yank\u0131 iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderdi\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Flood Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP flood sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bilgisayar korsan\u0131 hedef sisteme \u00e7ok say\u0131da ICMP mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve bu da sistemin yan\u0131t vermemesine veya \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP Port Olmadan Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, verileri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde datagram olarak g\u00f6nderen ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir protokold\u00fcr ve ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 IPv4 detaylar\u0131ndan sonra g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, cihazlar\u0131n ICMP verilerini nas\u0131l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya herhangi bir ba\u011flant\u0131dan nas\u0131l haberdar oldu\u011fu sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getiren bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 numaras\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da fark edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ICMP protokol\u00fc OSI modelinin a\u011f katman\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve bilgi payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendiriciler ve ana bilgisayarlar aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kurmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Port numaralar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve ICMP ne bir TCP ne de bir UDP protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Son olarak, ICMP t\u00fcr\u00fc ve kod kombinasyonu, cihazlar\u0131n mesaj\u0131 belirlemesine ve a\u011f hakk\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm bilgileri almas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle  Internet Control Message Protocol, a\u011f y\u00f6netimi ve te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Hatalar\u0131 tespit etme, veri paketlerini yeniden y\u00f6nlendirme ve a\u011flar\u0131 te\u015fhis etme yetene\u011fi, onu a\u011f y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in paha bi\u00e7ilmez bir varl\u0131k haline getirir. \u00d6zelliklerini ve yeteneklerini anlayarak, ICMP’yi verimli a\u011flar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in daha etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7larda oldu\u011fu gibi ICMP’nin yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 da tehlikeli olabilir. En ufak bir yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131m\u0131n bile geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n bu protokol kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00c7ok Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Neden bir ICMP paketinin kaynak ve hedef port numaralar\u0131 yoktur?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, Internet Control Message Protocol, TCP\/IP protokol paketinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. ICMP internet katman\u0131 ile ilgilidir, oysa ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 numaralar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir \u00fcst katman olan ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. ICMP protokol\u00fc nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP,  Internet Control Message Protocol anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130nternet iletimlerine y\u00f6netimsel i\u015flevler sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rol\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olarak, bir ba\u011flant\u0131 boyunca iki cihaz aras\u0131nda iletilen durum kontrolleri ve hata mesajlar\u0131 verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. ICMP hangi katmand\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP, TCP\/IP protokol y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve internet katman\u0131nda bulunur. Bu asl\u0131nda y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci katman\u0131d\u0131r. ICMP bir katman 3 protokol\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu numara, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protokol y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndaki a\u011f katman\u0131ndan gelir. OSI modelindeki a\u011f katman\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc katmand\u0131r ve TCP\/IP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndaki internet katman\u0131na e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. ICMP IP \u00fczerinden mi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Evet, ICMP mesajlar\u0131 bir kaynak IP adresine g\u00f6nderir. T\u00fcm IP tabanl\u0131 a\u011f cihazlar\u0131 ICMP mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderme ve alma yetene\u011fine sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ICMP kapat\u0131labilir, bir hata veya ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z yan\u0131t ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. Bu yayg\u0131n taktik, bir ortam\u0131n ICMP ile ilgili siber sald\u0131r\u0131lara maruz kalmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 ICMP kullanabilir mi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Evet, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 ICMP’yi \u00e7e\u015fitli siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar i\u00e7in kullanabilir. Bu siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zdaki ICMP trafik hacimlerini ve hedeflerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak \u00f6nlenebilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ICMP’yi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak uygun olabilir. Bir\u00e7ok i\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131 bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 otomatik olarak engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. ICMP’nin amac\u0131 nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), sorun raporlama ve a\u011f tan\u0131lama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Veriler beklendi\u011fi gibi ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ICMP hata raporlama prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak al\u0131c\u0131dan g\u00f6ndericiye mesajlar g\u00f6nderir. ICMP, verilerin nas\u0131l aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sunmak i\u00e7in ping ve traceroute taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan mesajlar\u0131 iletmek i\u00e7in tan\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. ICMP ping ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olsalar da ICMP ve ping ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. ICMP protokol\u00fc, mesajlar\u0131n cihazlar aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l iletilece\u011fini y\u00f6netir. Ping, ICMP protokol\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen yank\u0131 isteklerine ve yan\u0131tlar\u0131na verilen add\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir ping ICMP ile olu\u015fturulurken, ICMP de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. ICMP ping i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Evet, ICMP ping i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir cihaza ping att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, cihaz ICMP Echo Request ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir mesaj g\u00f6nderir. Cihaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, a\u011fda eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu onaylayan bir ICMP Echo Reply ile yan\u0131t verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. ICMP bir TCP veya UDP protokol\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP ne TCP ne de UDP’dir. Cihazlar taraf\u0131ndan hata mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermek ve a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayr\u0131 bir protokold\u00fcr. TCP ve UDP veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, ICMP a\u011f tan\u0131lama ve internet \u00fczerindeki cihazlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fime odaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. ICMP protokol\u00fc ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP protokol\u00fc bir\u00e7ok nedenle kullan\u0131l\u0131r; bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, iki y\u00f6nlendirici aras\u0131nda paketlerin izledi\u011fi rotay\u0131 izlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan tracerouting, iki y\u00f6nlendirici\/cihaz aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in daha fazla yan\u0131t veren ICMP yank\u0131 isteklerini kullanan ping, iki cihaz aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f\u0131n maksimum iletim birimini (MTU) tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ICMP mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan Path MTU discovery’dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. ICMP ve TCP\/IP aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP, bilgisayarlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in bir protokol paketidir, ICMP ise TCP\/IP paketi i\u00e7inde a\u011f ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili mesajlar g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir protokold\u00fcr. ICMP, paketleri alternatif rotalara y\u00f6nlendirmek veya hatalar\u0131 bildirmek gibi hata kontrol\u00fc ve y\u00f6netim sorgular\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ping, ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131, gecikmeyi ve paket kayb\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in ICMP veri paketleri kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. ICMP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in hangi g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nabilir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

ICMP sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin yerinde olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. G\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 ICMP paketlerini engellemek ve b\u00f6ylece a\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli faaliyetlerden korumak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. A\u011f g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellemek ve a\u011fdaki ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 etkinlikleri izlemek de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) yani \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj\u0131 Protokol\u00fc, OSI modelinin a\u011f katman\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve internet protokol paketinin (genellikle TCP\/IP olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. ICMP, IANA.org’a g\u00f6re IP paketinde Protokol Numaras\u0131 1 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir hata raporlama ve sorgulama hizmeti olarak tasarlanan ICMP, a\u011f ileti\u015fiminde ana bilgisayardan ana bilgisayara datagram hizmetinde \u00e7ok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\nInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Nedir? \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj Protokol\u00fc - Uzman Posta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uzmanposta.com\/blog\/internet-control-message-protocol-icmp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Nedir? \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj Protokol\u00fc - Uzman Posta\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) yani \u0130nternet Kontrol Mesaj\u0131 Protokol\u00fc, OSI modelinin a\u011f katman\u0131nda yer al\u0131r ve internet protokol paketinin (genellikle TCP\/IP olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. ICMP, IANA.org’a g\u00f6re IP paketinde Protokol Numaras\u0131 1 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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ICMP, IANA.org’a g\u00f6re IP paketinde Protokol Numaras\u0131 1 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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